1. Phân tích đề và nhóm thông tin

 

Đề bài

The bar chart below shows the proportion of individuals in the UK consuming five portions of fruits and vegetables daily between 2001 and 2008.

Dạng biểu đồ

Bar chart

 

Xác định đặc điểm tổng quan (Overview Features)

Đặc điểm nổi bật 1: Women consistently recorded the highest proportions of people consuming five portions of fruit and vegetables per day throughout the period.

Đặc điểm nổi bật 2: The figures for all three groups increased overall, although women and men followed relatively similar patterns, while the proportion of children fluctuated more noticeably.

 

Chia nhóm dữ liệu cho các đoạn Thân bài (Data Grouping)

Body 1 Grouping: Women

Ý 1: Initial increase

Ý 2: Peak in 2006

Ý 3: Decline towards 2008

 

Body 2 Grouping: Men

Ý 1: Initial stability

Ý 2: Increase to 2005–2006

Ý 3: Slight decline afterwards

 

Body 3 Grouping: Children

Ý 1: Fluctuation in the first three years

Ý 2: Sharp increase in 2004–2005

Ý 3: Decline and partial recovery afterwards

Triển khai phân tích

 

Mở bài (Paraphrase)

The bar chart compares the percentages of men, women and children in the UK who consumed five portions of fruit and vegetables per day between 2001 and 2008.

(Tạm dịch: Biểu đồ cột so sánh tỷ lệ nam giới, phụ nữ và trẻ em ở Vương quốc Anh ăn năm khẩu phần trái cây và rau quả mỗi ngày trong giai đoạn từ năm 2001 đến năm 2008.)

 

Tóm tắt tổng quan (Overview)

Overall, women had the highest proportion throughout the period, while children generally recorded the lowest figures. All three groups showed an overall increase, with the highest levels for women and men occurring in 2006, while children peaked in 2005.

(Tạm dịch: Nhìn chung, phụ nữ có tỷ lệ cao nhất trong suốt giai đoạn, trong khi trẻ em nhìn chung ghi nhận các mức thấp nhất. Cả ba nhóm đều tăng xét trên toàn bộ giai đoạn, với mức cao nhất của phụ nữ và nam giới xuất hiện vào năm 2006, còn trẻ em đạt đỉnh vào năm 2005.)

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2. Lập dàn ý chi tiết cho bài viết

 

Introduction

Paraphrase lại đề bài bằng cách thay thế shows → compares, proportion of individuals → percentages of people, consuming → eating, và between 2001 and 2008 → from 2001 to 2008.

 

Overview

Đặc điểm chung:

• Women consistently had the highest figures.

• Children generally recorded the lowest proportions.

Điểm nổi bật:

• All three groups increased overall.

• Women peaked at 36% in 2006.

• Men reached 27% in 2006, while children peaked earlier at 28% in 2005.

 

Body Paragraph 1

Trật tự sắp xếp: 2001 → 2006 → 2008.

Topic sentence: Women consistently had the highest participation rates, with their figure rising substantially before declining slightly at the end.

Detail 1: In 2001, just over one fifth of women consumed five portions a day, at approximately 21%. This figure increased steadily each year, reaching 30% in 2004 and 36% in 2006.

Detail 2: After peaking at 36%, the proportion declined to around 33% in 2007 and ended at 30% in 2008, although it remained well above the levels recorded for men and children.

 

Body Paragraph 2

Trật tự sắp xếp: 2001–2003 → 2004–2006 → 2007–2008.

Topic sentence: Men followed a broadly similar pattern to women, but at consistently lower levels.

Detail 1: The proportion of men remained relatively stable at around 18% between 2001 and 2003, before rising to approximately 21% in 2004 and 25% in 2005.

Detail 2: The figure reached a peak of 27% in 2006, then fell slightly to 26% in 2007 and 25% in 2008.

 

Body Paragraph 3

Trật tự sắp xếp: 2001–2003 → 2004–2005 → 2006–2008.

Topic sentence: Children showed greater fluctuations, including a sharp rise followed by a noticeable decline.

Detail 1: The proportion initially fluctuated between 13% and 14% from 2001 to 2003, making children the group with the lowest figures during this period.

Detail 2: It then increased dramatically to 26% in 2004 and peaked at 28% in 2005, temporarily exceeding the proportion for men.

Detail 3: However, the figure dropped to 22% in 2006 before recovering to 25% in 2007 and ending at approximately 23% in 2008.

 

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3. Bài mẫu hoàn chỉnh

The bar chart compares the percentages of men, women and children in the UK who consumed five portions of fruit and vegetables per day between 2001 and 2008.

Overall, women had the highest proportion throughout the period, while children generally recorded the lowest figures. All three groups showed an overall increase, with the highest levels for women and men occurring in 2006, while children peaked in 2005.

Women consistently had the highest participation rates. In 2001, just over one fifth of women consumed five portions a day, at approximately 21%. This figure increased steadily each year, reaching 30% in 2004 and 36% in 2006. After peaking at 36%, the proportion declined to around 33% in 2007 and ended at 30% in 2008, although it remained well above the levels recorded for men and children.

Men followed a broadly similar pattern, but at consistently lower levels. The proportion remained relatively stable at around 18% between 2001 and 2003, before rising to approximately 21% in 2004 and 25% in 2005. The figure reached a peak of 27% in 2006, then fell slightly to 26% in 2007 and 25% in 2008.

Children showed greater fluctuations. Their figure initially varied between 13% and 14% from 2001 to 2003, before increasing dramatically to 26% in 2004 and peaking at 28% in 2005. However, it dropped to 22% in 2006 before recovering to 25% in 2007 and ending at approximately 23% in 2008.

(Word count: 183)

 

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4. Lexical Resources List

 

New Vocabulary

1. consume five portions (verb phrase): tiêu thụ năm khẩu phần

E.g. More women consumed five portions of fruit and vegetables per day.

2. fruit and vegetable intake (noun phrase): lượng tiêu thụ trái cây và rau quả

E.g. Fruit and vegetable intake increased among all three groups.

3. participation rate (noun phrase): tỷ lệ tham gia

E.g. Women had the highest participation rate throughout the period.

4. record the highest figure (verb phrase): ghi nhận mức cao nhất

E.g. Women recorded the highest figure in every year.

5. remain relatively stable (verb phrase): duy trì tương đối ổn định

E.g. The figure for men remained relatively stable until 2003.

6. increase steadily (verb phrase): tăng đều đặn

E.g. The proportion of women increased steadily from 2001 to 2006.

7. peak at (verb phrase): đạt đỉnh ở mức

E.g. The figure for women peaked at 36%.

8. decline slightly (verb phrase): giảm nhẹ

E.g. The proportion declined slightly after 2006.

9. follow a similar pattern (verb phrase): theo xu hướng tương tự

E.g. Men followed a similar pattern to women.

10. fluctuate between (verb phrase): dao động trong khoảng

E.g. The figure for children fluctuated between 13% and 14%.

11. increase dramatically (verb phrase): tăng mạnh

E.g. Children's participation increased dramatically in 2004.

12. temporarily exceed (verb phrase): tạm thời vượt qua

E.g. Children temporarily exceeded men in 2005.

 

Sentence Structures

1. The bar chart compares the percentages of + groups + who + activity + between + years. (Dùng để mở bài.)

E.g. The bar chart compares the percentages of men, women and children who consumed five portions of fruit and vegetables per day between 2001 and 2008.

2. Overall, + group + had the highest proportion throughout the period, while + group + generally recorded the lowest figures. (Dùng để viết Overview.)

E.g. Overall, women had the highest proportion throughout the period, while children generally recorded the lowest figures.

3. The figure increased steadily from + figure + to + figure + before peaking at + figure. (Dùng để mô tả xu hướng tăng rồi đạt đỉnh.)

E.g. The figure increased steadily from 21% to 30% before peaking at 36%.

4. After peaking at + figure +, the proportion declined to + figure + before ending at + figure. (Dùng để mô tả xu hướng sau khi đạt đỉnh.)

E.g. After peaking at 36%, the proportion declined to 33% before ending at 30%.

5. + Group + followed a broadly similar pattern to + group +, but at consistently lower levels. (Dùng để so sánh hai nhóm.)

E.g. Men followed a broadly similar pattern to women, but at consistently lower levels.

6. The proportion remained relatively stable at around + figure + before rising to + figure. (Dùng để mô tả giai đoạn ổn định rồi tăng.)

E.g. The proportion remained relatively stable at around 18% before rising to 21%.

7. + Group + showed greater fluctuations, with the figure rising dramatically from + figure + to + figure. (Dùng để mô tả nhóm có biến động lớn.)

E.g. Children showed greater fluctuations, with the figure rising dramatically from 14% to 26%.

8. The figure temporarily exceeded + group + before falling back to + figure. (Dùng để mô tả một nhóm tạm thời vượt nhóm khác.)

E.g. The figure for children temporarily exceeded that for men in 2005 before falling back to 22%.

 

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