1. Phân tích đề và nhóm thông tin

 

Đề bài

The chart below provides information about the total distance travelled by passengers via five transport modes in the UK during the years 1990 to 2000. Provide an overview of the information by identifying and describing the key details, and include comparisons where appropriate.

Dạng biểu đồ

Bar chart

Xác định đặc điểm tổng quan (Overview Features)

Đặc điểm nổi bật 1: The total distance travelled by passengers increased over the period, with bus and rail accounting for by far the largest amounts in both years.

Đặc điểm nổi bật 2: Air travel increased noticeably, while bicycle and motorbike travel declined slightly and remained the least-used modes overall.

 

Chia nhóm dữ liệu cho các đoạn Thân bài (Data Grouping)

Body 1 Grouping: Increasing transport modes

Ý 1: Bus and rail

Ý 2: Air

Body 2 Grouping: Decreasing transport modes

Ý 1: Bicycle

Ý 2: Motorbike

Ý 3: Total passenger kilometres

 

Triển khai phân tích

 

Mở bài (Paraphrase)

The bar chart compares the total number of passenger kilometres travelled using five different modes of transport in the UK in 1990 and 2000.

(Tạm dịch: Biểu đồ cột so sánh tổng số ki-lô-mét hành khách di chuyển bằng năm phương thức giao thông khác nhau tại Vương quốc Anh vào năm 1990 và 2000.)

 

Tóm tắt tổng quan (Overview)

Overall, the total distance travelled by passengers increased between 1990 and 2000. Bus and rail were the dominant modes in both years and both recorded growth, while air travel also became more popular. By contrast, passenger kilometres for bicycles and motorbikes declined slightly.

(Tạm dịch: Nhìn chung, tổng quãng đường hành khách di chuyển tăng từ năm 1990 đến năm 2000. Xe buýt và đường sắt là hai phương thức chiếm ưu thế trong cả hai năm và đều tăng, trong khi hàng không cũng trở nên phổ biến hơn. Ngược lại, số ki-lô-mét hành khách đối với xe đạp và xe máy giảm nhẹ.)

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2. Lập dàn ý chi tiết cho bài viết

 

Introduction

Paraphrase lại đề bài bằng cách thay thế provides information about → compares, total distance travelled by passengers → total passenger kilometres travelled, five transport modes → five means of transport, và during the years 1990 to 2000 → in 1990 and 2000.

 

Overview

Đặc điểm chung:

• Total passenger kilometres increased over the decade.

• Bus and rail were by far the most heavily used modes.

Điểm nổi bật:

• Air travel increased considerably.

• Bicycle and motorbike use declined slightly.

• Bus and rail remained much higher than the other three modes.

 

Body Paragraph 1

Trật tự sắp xếp: Bus → Rail → Air.

Topic sentence: Bus and rail accounted for the largest amounts of passenger travel, while air travel also experienced an increase.

Detail 1: Bus travel rose slightly from approximately 45 billion passenger kilometres in 1990 to about 46 billion in 2000, while rail travel increased from around 43 billion to approximately 47 billion.

Detail 2: Air travel also grew, from roughly 6 billion passenger kilometres in 1990 to around 8 billion in 2000, although it remained considerably lower than bus and rail.

 

Body Paragraph 2

Trật tự sắp xếp: Bicycle → Motorbike → Total.

Topic sentence: In contrast, bicycle and motorbike travel declined slightly, despite an overall increase in total passenger kilometres.

Detail 1: The figure for bicycles fell from approximately 7 billion passenger kilometres in 1990 to around 6 billion in 2000. Similarly, motorbike travel decreased from about 8 billion to roughly 7 billion.

Detail 2: Despite these declines, the total distance travelled by passengers increased over the period, reaching approximately 115 billion passenger kilometres in 2000 compared with just over 105 billion in 1990.

 

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3. Bài mẫu hoàn chỉnh

The bar chart compares the total number of passenger kilometres travelled using five different modes of transport in the UK in 1990 and 2000.

Overall, the total distance travelled by passengers increased between 1990 and 2000. Bus and rail were the dominant modes in both years and both recorded growth, while air travel also became more popular. By contrast, passenger kilometres for bicycles and motorbikes declined slightly.

Bus and rail accounted for the largest amounts of passenger travel, while air travel also experienced an increase. Bus travel rose slightly from approximately 45 billion passenger kilometres in 1990 to about 46 billion in 2000, while rail travel increased from around 43 billion to approximately 47 billion. Air travel also grew, from roughly 6 billion passenger kilometres in 1990 to around 8 billion in 2000, although it remained considerably lower than bus and rail.

In contrast, bicycle and motorbike travel declined slightly, despite an overall increase in total passenger kilometres. The figure for bicycles fell from approximately 7 billion passenger kilometres in 1990 to around 6 billion in 2000. Similarly, motorbike travel decreased from about 8 billion to roughly 7 billion. Despite these declines, the total distance travelled by passengers increased over the period, reaching approximately 115 billion passenger kilometres in 2000 compared with just over 105 billion in 1990.

(Word count: 176)

 

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4. Lexical Resources List

 

New Vocabulary

1. passenger kilometres (noun phrase): ki-lô-mét hành khách

E.g. Rail accounted for around 47 billion passenger kilometres in 2000.

2. mode of transport (noun phrase): phương thức giao thông

E.g. Bus was one of the most widely used modes of transport.

3. total distance travelled (noun phrase): tổng quãng đường đã di chuyển

E.g. The total distance travelled increased over the decade.

4. account for (verb phrase): chiếm

E.g. Bus and rail accounted for the largest amounts of passenger travel.

5. dominant mode (noun phrase): phương thức chiếm ưu thế

E.g. Rail remained a dominant mode of transport.

6. increase slightly (verb phrase): tăng nhẹ

E.g. Bus travel increased slightly over the period.

7. grow noticeably (verb phrase): tăng đáng kể

E.g. Air travel grew noticeably between 1990 and 2000.

8. decline slightly (verb phrase): giảm nhẹ

E.g. Bicycle travel declined slightly.

9. remain considerably lower than (verb phrase): vẫn thấp hơn đáng kể so với

E.g. Air travel remained considerably lower than bus and rail.

10. overall increase (noun phrase): sự gia tăng tổng thể

E.g. There was an overall increase in passenger kilometres.

11. reach approximately (verb phrase): đạt khoảng

E.g. Rail travel reached approximately 47 billion kilometres.

12. heavily used mode (noun phrase): phương thức được sử dụng nhiều

E.g. Bus and rail were the most heavily used modes in both years.

 

Sentence Structures

1. The bar chart compares the total number of passenger kilometres travelled using + transport modes + in + years. (Dùng để mở bài.)

E.g. The bar chart compares the total number of passenger kilometres travelled using five transport modes in 1990 and 2000.

2. Overall, + transport mode + and + transport mode + were the dominant modes, while + transport mode + remained the least used. (Dùng để viết Overview.)

E.g. Overall, bus and rail were the dominant modes, while bicycles remained among the least used forms of transport.

3. + Transport mode + rose from approximately + figure + to around + figure + over the period. (Dùng để mô tả xu hướng tăng.)

E.g. Rail travel rose from approximately 43 billion to around 47 billion passenger kilometres.

4. By contrast, + transport mode + declined slightly from + figure + to + figure. (Dùng để mô tả xu hướng giảm.)

E.g. By contrast, bicycle travel declined slightly from about 7 billion to 6 billion.

5. Although + transport mode + increased, it remained considerably lower than + transport modes. (Dùng để so sánh mức độ.)

E.g. Although air travel increased, it remained considerably lower than bus and rail.

6. Despite + noun phrase, the total figure increased to + figure + in + year. (Dùng để mô tả tổng thể trái ngược với một số xu hướng riêng lẻ.)

E.g. Despite the decline in bicycle and motorbike travel, the total figure increased to approximately 115 billion in 2000.

 

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