1. Phân tích đề và nhóm thông tin

 

Đề bài

The chart below shows the spending by 18-20-year-olds in one country on five different products in 2010 and 2014.

Dạng biểu đồ

Bar Chart

 

Xác định đặc điểm tổng quan (Overview Features)

Đặc điểm nổi bật 1: Chi tiêu cho thực phẩm luôn cao nhất trong cả hai năm, trong khi sách là mặt hàng có mức chi thấp nhất.

Đặc điểm nổi bật 2: Phần lớn các hạng mục ghi nhận mức tăng chi tiêu, ngoại trừ sách giảm đáng kể và quần áo giữ nguyên.

 

Chia nhóm dữ liệu cho các đoạn Thân bài (Data Grouping)

Body 1 Grouping: Categories with increased spending

Ý 1: Food

Ý 2: Smartphones and toiletries

Body 2 Grouping: Categories with unchanged or decreased spending

Ý 1: Books

Ý 2: Clothes

 

Triển khai phân tích

Mở bài (Paraphrase)

The bar chart compares the amount of money spent by 18–20-year-olds in one country on five categories of products in 2010 and 2014.

(Tạm dịch: Biểu đồ cột so sánh số tiền mà những người từ 18–20 tuổi ở một quốc gia đã chi cho năm nhóm sản phẩm vào các năm 2010 và 2014.)

 

Tóm tắt tổng quan (Overview)

Overall, food remained the largest spending category in both years, whereas books received the least expenditure. Spending increased for most products, while expenditure on books declined and clothing remained unchanged.

(Tạm dịch: Nhìn chung, thực phẩm vẫn là hạng mục chi tiêu lớn nhất trong cả hai năm, trong khi sách nhận mức chi thấp nhất. Chi tiêu tăng ở hầu hết các mặt hàng, trong khi sách giảm và quần áo không thay đổi.)

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2. Lập dàn ý chi tiết cho bài viết

 

Introduction

Paraphrase lại đề bài bằng cách thay thế shows → compares, spending → expenditure, five different products → five product categories.

 

Overview

Đặc điểm chung:

• Thực phẩm luôn đứng đầu về mức chi tiêu.

• Sách luôn là hạng mục thấp nhất.

Điểm nổi bật:

• Điện thoại thông minh và đồ dùng vệ sinh cá nhân tăng chi tiêu.

• Quần áo giữ nguyên, còn sách giảm mạnh nhất.

 

Body Paragraph 1

Trật tự sắp xếp: Largest category → Other increasing categories.

Topic sentence: Spending increased in three product categories over the four-year period.

Detail 1: Expenditure on food rose from approximately $38 million in 2010 to about $44 million in 2014, remaining the largest category throughout the period.

Detail 2: Spending on smartphones also increased noticeably, from around $20 million to approximately $27 million, allowing it to overtake clothing. Meanwhile, expenditure on toiletries rose slightly from about $18 million to $20 million.

 

Body Paragraph 2

Trật tự sắp xếp: Decreasing category → Unchanged category.

Topic sentence: By contrast, books and clothing showed different patterns.

Detail 1: Spending on books experienced the sharpest decline, falling by half from approximately $10 million to only $5 million, making it the smallest category in both years.

Detail 2: In comparison, expenditure on clothing remained unchanged at around $25 million. However, although its value stayed the same, its ranking dropped from second place to third after being overtaken by smartphones.

 

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3. Bài mẫu hoàn chỉnh

The bar chart compares the amount of money spent by 18–20-year-olds in one country on five categories of products in 2010 and 2014.

Overall, food remained the largest spending category in both years, while books accounted for the lowest expenditure. Spending increased for most products, whereas expenditure on books fell considerably and clothing remained unchanged.

Spending rose in three categories between 2010 and 2014. Expenditure on food increased from approximately $38 million to about $44 million, making it the highest figure in both years. Spending on smartphones also grew significantly, rising from around $20 million to approximately $27 million and overtaking clothing. Meanwhile, the amount spent on toiletries increased slightly, from about $18 million to $20 million.

By contrast, books and clothing followed different trends. Spending on books recorded the most substantial decline, dropping by half from around $10 million to only $5 million, and remained the smallest spending category throughout the period. In comparison, expenditure on clothing stayed constant at approximately $25 million. Nevertheless, despite remaining unchanged, it fell from second to third place because smartphone spending increased more rapidly.

(Word count: 184)

 

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4. Lexical Resources List

 

New Vocabulary

1. expenditure (noun): chi tiêu

E.g. Expenditure on food increased over the period.

2. spending category (noun phrase): hạng mục chi tiêu

E.g. Food was the largest spending category.

3. account for (verb phrase): chiếm

E.g. Books accounted for the lowest expenditure.

4. remain unchanged (verb phrase): giữ nguyên

E.g. Spending on clothing remained unchanged.

5. record the sharpest decline (verb phrase): ghi nhận mức giảm mạnh nhất

E.g. Books recorded the sharpest decline.

6. overtake (verb): vượt qua

E.g. Smartphone spending overtook clothing.

7. rise noticeably (verb phrase): tăng đáng kể

E.g. Spending on smartphones rose noticeably.

8. increase slightly (verb phrase): tăng nhẹ

E.g. Expenditure on toiletries increased slightly.

9. drop by half (verb phrase): giảm một nửa

E.g. Spending on books dropped by half.

10. remain the largest category (verb phrase): vẫn là hạng mục lớn nhất

E.g. Food remained the largest category throughout the period.

11. ranking (noun): thứ hạng

E.g. Clothing fell in the ranking despite unchanged spending.

12. throughout the period (prepositional phrase): trong suốt giai đoạn

E.g. Food remained the leading category throughout the period.

 

Sentence Structures

1. The bar chart compares the amount of money spent on + categories + in + year + and + year. (Dùng để mở bài cho dạng Bar Chart.)

E.g. The bar chart compares the amount of money spent on five product categories in 2010 and 2014.

2. Overall, + category + remained the largest spending category, while + category + accounted for the lowest expenditure. (Dùng để viết Overview.)

E.g. Overall, food remained the largest spending category, while books accounted for the lowest expenditure.

3. Spending on + category + increased from + figure + to + figure + over the period. (Dùng để mô tả xu hướng tăng.)

E.g. Spending on food increased from $38 million to $44 million over the period.

4. By contrast, expenditure on + category + fell from + figure + to + figure +, representing the largest decline. (Dùng để mô tả xu hướng giảm.)

E.g. By contrast, expenditure on books fell from $10 million to $5 million, representing the largest decline.

5. Meanwhile, spending on + category + remained unchanged at + figure +. (Dùng để mô tả số liệu ổn định.)

E.g. Meanwhile, spending on clothing remained unchanged at $25 million.

6. Although + figure + remained unchanged, + category + fell in the ranking after being overtaken by + category +. (Dùng để so sánh thứ hạng.)

E.g. Although expenditure on clothing remained unchanged, it fell in the ranking after being overtaken by smartphones.

 

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