1. Phân tích đề và nhóm thông tin

 

Đề bài

The graphs below compare the water levels of six cities in Australia during October 2009 and October 2010. Provide an overview of the information by identifying and describing the key details, and include comparisons where appropriate.

Dạng biểu đồ

Bar chart

 

Xác định đặc điểm tổng quan (Overview Features)

Đặc điểm nổi bật 1: Canberra and Sydney had the highest reservoir levels in 2009, while Canberra recorded the highest figure in 2010.

Đặc điểm nổi bật 2: Water levels increased in Sydney, Melbourne, Perth and Canberra, remained unchanged in Brisbane, and fell considerably in Darwin.

 

Chia nhóm dữ liệu cho các đoạn Thân bài (Data Grouping)

Body 1 Grouping: Water levels in October 2009

Ý 1: Sydney and Canberra

Ý 2: Brisbane, Darwin and Perth

Ý 3: Melbourne

 

Body 2 Grouping: Changes by October 2010

Ý 1: Canberra, Sydney and Melbourne

Ý 2: Perth and Darwin

Ý 3: Brisbane

Triển khai phân tích

 

Mở bài (Paraphrase)

The bar chart compares the percentages of maximum reservoir capacity recorded in six Australian cities in October 2009 and October 2010.

(Tạm dịch: Biểu đồ cột so sánh tỷ lệ phần trăm dung tích tối đa của các hồ chứa được ghi nhận tại sáu thành phố của Australia vào tháng 10 năm 2009 và tháng 10 năm 2010.)

 

Tóm tắt tổng quan (Overview)

Overall, Canberra and Sydney had the highest reservoir levels in October 2009, whereas Canberra became the city with the highest level in 2010. While water levels rose in four cities, Brisbane remained unchanged and Darwin experienced a substantial decline.

(Tạm dịch: Nhìn chung, Canberra và Sydney có mực nước hồ chứa cao nhất vào tháng 10 năm 2009, trong khi Canberra trở thành thành phố có mực nước cao nhất vào năm 2010. Trong khi mực nước tăng ở bốn thành phố, Brisbane không thay đổi và Darwin chứng kiến sự sụt giảm đáng kể.)

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2. Lập dàn ý chi tiết cho bài viết

 

Introduction

Paraphrase lại đề bài bằng cách thay thế compare → illustrates the percentages of, water levels → reservoir levels, six cities in Australia → six Australian cities, during October 2009 and October 2010 → in October of these two years.

 

Overview

Đặc điểm chung:

• Canberra and Sydney recorded the highest levels in 2009.

• Canberra had the highest level in 2010.

• Four cities experienced increases.

Điểm nổi bật:

• Perth recorded the largest increase, from 40% to approximately 72%.

• Darwin experienced the only substantial decline.

• Brisbane remained unchanged at around 56%.

 

Body Paragraph 1

Trật tự sắp xếp: Sydney and Canberra → Brisbane, Darwin and Perth → Melbourne.

Topic sentence: In October 2009, Sydney and Canberra recorded the highest reservoir levels, while Melbourne had by far the lowest figure.

Detail 1: Sydney had a reservoir level of approximately 78%, closely followed by Canberra at 76%. Brisbane ranked third, at around 56%.

Detail 2: Darwin and Perth recorded considerably lower levels, at approximately 46% and 40% respectively. Melbourne had the lowest figure, with only about 22% of its maximum reservoir capacity filled.

 

Body Paragraph 2

Trật tự sắp xếp: Canberra, Sydney and Melbourne → Perth and Darwin → Brisbane.

Topic sentence: By October 2010, the rankings had changed considerably, with Canberra recording the highest level and Darwin experiencing a sharp decline.

Detail 1: Canberra's reservoir level rose dramatically from 76% to approximately 97%, while Sydney increased slightly from 78% to 82%. Melbourne also experienced a substantial rise, reaching 40%.

Detail 2: Perth recorded the largest increase, climbing from 40% to around 72%. In contrast, Darwin's figure fell sharply from 46% to approximately 25%. Brisbane was the only city where the reservoir level remained unchanged, at about 56%.

 

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3. Bài mẫu hoàn chỉnh

The bar chart compares the percentages of maximum reservoir capacity recorded in six Australian cities in October 2009 and October 2010.

Overall, Canberra and Sydney had the highest reservoir levels in October 2009, whereas Canberra became the city with the highest level in 2010. While water levels rose in four cities, Brisbane remained unchanged and Darwin experienced a substantial decline.

In October 2009, Sydney and Canberra recorded the highest reservoir levels, at approximately 78% and 76% respectively. Brisbane ranked third, at around 56%. Darwin and Perth had considerably lower levels, at approximately 46% and 40% respectively. Melbourne had by far the lowest figure, with only about 22% of its maximum reservoir capacity filled.

By October 2010, the rankings had changed considerably. Canberra's reservoir level rose dramatically from 76% to approximately 97%, making it the highest figure among the six cities, while Sydney increased slightly from 78% to 82%. Melbourne also experienced a substantial rise, reaching 40%. Perth recorded the largest increase, climbing from 40% to around 72%. In contrast, Darwin's figure fell sharply from 46% to approximately 25%. Brisbane was the only city where the reservoir level remained unchanged, at about 56%.

(Word count: 180)

 

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4. Lexical Resources List

 

New Vocabulary

1. reservoir level (noun phrase): mực nước hồ chứa

E.g. The reservoir level in Sydney increased slightly in 2010.

2. maximum reservoir capacity (noun phrase): dung tích tối đa của hồ chứa

E.g. The figure represents the percentage of maximum reservoir capacity.

3. reservoir capacity (noun phrase): sức chứa của hồ chứa

E.g. Melbourne used only a small proportion of its reservoir capacity in 2009.

4. record the highest figure (verb phrase): ghi nhận mức cao nhất

E.g. Canberra recorded the highest figure in 2010.

5. rank second/third (verb phrase): xếp thứ hai/thứ ba

E.g. Canberra ranked second in terms of reservoir levels in 2009.

6. experience a substantial rise (verb phrase): trải qua sự gia tăng đáng kể

E.g. Melbourne experienced a substantial rise between the two years.

7. increase slightly (verb phrase): tăng nhẹ

E.g. Sydney's reservoir level increased slightly from 78% to 82%.

8. rise dramatically (verb phrase): tăng mạnh

E.g. Canberra's figure rose dramatically to approximately 97%.

9. climb from A to B (verb phrase): tăng từ A lên B

E.g. Perth's reservoir level climbed from 40% to around 72%.

10. fall sharply (verb phrase): giảm mạnh

E.g. Darwin's figure fell sharply from 46% to 25%.

11. remain unchanged (verb phrase): không thay đổi

E.g. Brisbane's reservoir level remained unchanged at 56%.

12. the lowest figure (noun phrase): mức thấp nhất

E.g. Melbourne recorded the lowest figure in 2009.

 

Sentence Structures

1. The bar chart compares the percentages of + measurement + recorded in + places + in + years. (Dùng để mở bài.)

E.g. The bar chart compares the percentages of maximum reservoir capacity recorded in six Australian cities in October 2009 and October 2010.

2. Overall, + places + had the highest + measurement +, whereas + place + recorded the highest figure in + year. (Dùng để viết Overview.)

E.g. Overall, Canberra and Sydney had the highest reservoir levels in 2009, whereas Canberra recorded the highest figure in 2010.

3. In + year +, + place + recorded the highest level, at approximately + figure, followed closely by + place + at + figure. (Dùng để mô tả hai thành phố có số liệu cao nhất.)

E.g. In 2009, Sydney recorded the highest level, at approximately 78%, followed closely by Canberra at 76%.

4. + Place + ranked third, at around + figure, while + place + had the lowest figure, at only + figure. (Dùng để mô tả thứ hạng.)

E.g. Brisbane ranked third, at around 56%, while Melbourne had the lowest figure, at only 22%.

5. + Place + experienced a substantial rise, reaching + figure. (Dùng để mô tả mức tăng đáng kể.)

E.g. Melbourne experienced a substantial rise, reaching 40% in 2010.

6. + Place + recorded the largest increase, climbing from + figure + to + figure. (Dùng để mô tả mức tăng lớn nhất.)

E.g. Perth recorded the largest increase, climbing from 40% to around 72%.

7. In contrast, + place + experienced a sharp decline, falling from + figure + to + figure. (Dùng để mô tả xu hướng ngược lại.)

E.g. In contrast, Darwin experienced a sharp decline, falling from 46% to approximately 25%.

8. + Place + was the only city where + measurement + remained unchanged, at + figure. (Dùng để mô tả số liệu không thay đổi.)

E.g. Brisbane was the only city where the reservoir level remained unchanged, at about 56%.

 

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