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1. Phân tích đề và nhóm thông tin

 

Đề bài

The table below gives information on the percentage of women in the workforce and the proportion of female managers across five countries. Provide an overview of the information by identifying and describing the key details, and include comparisons where appropriate.

Dạng biểu đồ

Table

Xác định đặc điểm tổng quan (Overview Features)

Đặc điểm nổi bật 1: Australia and the United States had the most balanced representation of women in the workforce and management, with almost identical percentages in the two categories.

Đặc điểm nổi bật 2: Egypt, Sri Lanka and Japan showed substantial gaps between the proportion of women in the workforce and the percentage of female managers, with Japan recording the largest difference despite having the highest female workforce participation.

 

Chia nhóm dữ liệu cho các đoạn Thân bài (Data Grouping)

Body 1 Grouping: Countries with relatively high proportions of female managers

Ý 1: Australia

Ý 2: United States

Body 2 Grouping: Countries with relatively low proportions of female managers

Ý 1: Japan

Ý 2: Egypt

Ý 3: Sri Lanka

 

Triển khai phân tích

 

Mở bài (Paraphrase)

The table compares the percentages of women in the workforce with the proportions of female managers in five different countries.

(Tạm dịch: Bảng so sánh tỷ lệ phụ nữ trong lực lượng lao động với tỷ lệ nữ giới giữ vị trí quản lý tại năm quốc gia khác nhau.)

 

Tóm tắt tổng quan (Overview)

Overall, Australia and the United States had the highest proportions of female managers and showed the smallest gaps between women's participation in the workforce and their representation in management. By contrast, Egypt, Sri Lanka and Japan had considerably lower percentages of female managers, with Japan showing the largest disparity between the two measures.

(Tạm dịch: Nhìn chung, Australia và Hoa Kỳ có tỷ lệ nữ quản lý cao nhất và khoảng cách nhỏ nhất giữa mức độ tham gia của phụ nữ trong lực lượng lao động và sự đại diện của họ trong các vị trí quản lý. Ngược lại, Ai Cập, Sri Lanka và Nhật Bản có tỷ lệ nữ quản lý thấp hơn đáng kể, trong đó Nhật Bản có sự chênh lệch lớn nhất giữa hai chỉ số.)

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2. Lập dàn ý chi tiết cho bài viết

Introduction

Paraphrase lại đề bài bằng cách thay thế gives information on → compares, percentage of women in the workforce → proportion of women participating in the workforce, proportion of female managers → percentage of women in management positions, và across five countries → in five different countries.

 

Overview

Đặc điểm chung:

• Australia and the United States had relatively high female representation in management.

• Egypt, Sri Lanka and Japan had much lower proportions of female managers.

Điểm nổi bật:

• Australia and the United States had the smallest gaps between the two measures.

• Japan had the highest proportion of women in the workforce but a much lower percentage of female managers.

Body Paragraph 1

Trật tự sắp xếp: Australia → United States.

Topic sentence: Australia and the United States showed the strongest representation of women in management and the closest relationship between workforce participation and managerial roles.

Detail 1: In Australia, women accounted for 42% of the workforce and 43% of managers, representing an almost identical level of participation in both categories.

Detail 2: A similar pattern was seen in the United States, where women made up 46% of the workforce and 43% of managers. Although the proportion of female managers was slightly lower, the gap was only 3 percentage points.

 

Body Paragraph 2

Trật tự sắp xếp: Japan → Egypt → Sri Lanka.

Topic sentence: In contrast, the remaining three countries showed much lower levels of female representation in management.

Detail 1: Japan had the highest proportion of women in the workforce, at 48%, but only 17% of managers were female, creating the largest gap of 31 percentage points.

Detail 2: Egypt recorded 20% female workforce participation, while women accounted for just 12% of managers. Sri Lanka showed a similar but more pronounced pattern, with women making up 41% of the workforce but only 9% of managers, the lowest managerial figure in the table.

 

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3. Bài mẫu hoàn chỉnh

The table compares the percentages of women in the workforce with the proportions of female managers in five different countries.

Overall, Australia and the United States had the highest proportions of female managers and showed the smallest gaps between women's participation in the workforce and their representation in management. By contrast, Egypt, Sri Lanka and Japan had considerably lower percentages of female managers, with Japan showing the largest disparity between the two measures.

Australia and the United States showed the strongest representation of women in management. In Australia, women accounted for 42% of the workforce and 43% of managers, representing an almost identical level in the two categories. A similar pattern was seen in the United States, where women made up 46% of the workforce and 43% of managers. Although the proportion of female managers was slightly lower, the difference was only 3 percentage points.

In contrast, the other three countries showed much lower levels of female representation in management. Japan had the highest proportion of women in the workforce, at 48%, but only 17% of managers were female, creating the largest gap of 31 percentage points. Egypt recorded 20% female workforce participation, while women accounted for just 12% of managers. Sri Lanka showed a similar pattern, with women making up 41% of the workforce but only 9% of managers, the lowest managerial figure in the table.

(Word count: 178)

 

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4. Lexical Resources List

 

New Vocabulary

1. female representation (noun phrase): sự đại diện của phụ nữ

E.g. Australia had relatively strong female representation in management.

2. workforce participation (noun phrase): mức độ tham gia lực lượng lao động

E.g. Japan had the highest female workforce participation.

3. managerial role (noun phrase): vị trí/vai trò quản lý

E.g. Women were less represented in managerial roles in Japan.

4. female managers (noun phrase): nữ quản lý

E.g. The proportion of female managers was relatively high in Australia.

5. account for (verb phrase): chiếm

E.g. Women accounted for 42% of the Australian workforce.

6. management position (noun phrase): vị trí quản lý

E.g. Women held a relatively small proportion of management positions.

7. a narrow gap (noun phrase): khoảng cách nhỏ

E.g. Australia had a narrow gap between the two measures.

8. a substantial gap (noun phrase): khoảng cách đáng kể

E.g. Japan recorded a substantial gap between workforce and management representation.

9. representation in management (noun phrase): sự hiện diện trong lĩnh vực quản lý

E.g. Representation in management was much lower in Sri Lanka.

10. proportion (noun): tỷ lệ

E.g. The proportion of female managers was 43%.

11. disparity (noun): sự chênh lệch

E.g. Japan showed the largest disparity between the two figures.

12. percentage point (noun phrase): điểm phần trăm

E.g. The difference between the two figures was 31 percentage points.

 

Sentence Structures

1. The table compares the percentages of + group + in + category 1 + with their proportion in + category 2. (Dùng để mở bài.)

E.g. The table compares the percentages of women in the workforce with their proportion in management positions.

2. Overall, + country + had the highest proportion of + group + in management, while + country + recorded the lowest figure. (Dùng để viết Overview.)

E.g. Overall, Australia and the United States had the highest proportions of female managers, while Sri Lanka recorded the lowest figure.

3. In + country +, women accounted for + figure + of the workforce and + figure + of managers, representing an almost identical level. (Dùng để mô tả nhóm có số liệu cân bằng.)

E.g. In Australia, women accounted for 42% of the workforce and 43% of managers, representing an almost identical level.

4. Although + group + accounted for + figure + of the workforce, only + figure + were represented in management. (Dùng để nhấn mạnh khoảng cách.)

E.g. Although women accounted for 48% of the workforce in Japan, only 17% were represented in management.

5. The gap between the two figures was only + number + percentage points. (Dùng để mô tả khoảng cách nhỏ.)

E.g. The gap between the two figures was only 3 percentage points in the United States.

6. + Country + recorded the largest disparity between + measure 1 + and + measure 2. (Dùng để nêu quốc gia có chênh lệch lớn nhất.)

E.g. Japan recorded the largest disparity between female workforce participation and management representation.

7. By contrast, + country + showed a much lower level of female representation in management. (Dùng để chuyển sang nhóm có tỷ lệ thấp.)

E.g. By contrast, Sri Lanka showed a much lower level of female representation in management.

 

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