1. Phân tích đề và nhóm thông tin

 

Đề bài

The table below compares data for the world’s large-scale and small-scale sea fishing industries.

Dạng biểu đồ

Table

 

Xác định đặc điểm tổng quan (Overview Features)

Đặc điểm nổi bật 1: Small-scale fishing employs far more people while requiring much lower capital investment and fuel consumption than large-scale fishing.

Đặc điểm nổi bật 2: Large-scale fishing produces slightly more fish for food and almost exclusively supplies fish for industrial processing.

 

Chia nhóm dữ liệu cho các đoạn Thân bài (Data Grouping)

Body 1 Grouping: Employment and annual fish catches

Ý 1: Number of employees

Ý 2: Fish caught for food and industrial processing

 

Body 2 Grouping: Capital investment and fuel consumption

Ý 1: Capital cost per job

Ý 2: Annual fuel oil consumption

 

Triển khai phân tích

Mở bài (Paraphrase)

The table compares the world’s large-scale and small-scale marine fishing industries in terms of employment, fish production, capital investment and fuel consumption.

(Tạm dịch: Bảng so sánh ngành đánh bắt hải sản quy mô lớn và quy mô nhỏ trên thế giới về lao động, sản lượng cá, chi phí đầu tư và mức tiêu thụ nhiên liệu.)

 

Tóm tắt tổng quan (Overview)

Overall, small-scale fishing provides significantly more employment while requiring considerably lower investment and fuel consumption. By contrast, large-scale fishing produces slightly more fish for food and is virtually the only sector supplying fish for industrial processing.

(Tạm dịch: Nhìn chung, ngành đánh bắt quy mô nhỏ tạo ra nhiều việc làm hơn đáng kể trong khi chỉ cần mức đầu tư và nhiên liệu thấp hơn nhiều. Ngược lại, ngành quy mô lớn tạo ra nhiều cá dùng làm thực phẩm hơn một chút và gần như là lĩnh vực duy nhất cung cấp cá cho chế biến công nghiệp.)

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2. Lập dàn ý chi tiết cho bài viết

 

Introduction

Paraphrase lại đề bài bằng cách thay thế compares → provides a comparison of, large-scale and small-scale sea fishing industries → industrial and local marine fishing sectors.

 

Overview

Đặc điểm chung:

• Small-scale fishing tạo nhiều việc làm hơn rất nhiều.

• Large-scale fishing vượt trội về sản lượng phục vụ công nghiệp.

Điểm nổi bật:

• Đánh bắt quy mô lớn tiêu thụ nhiều nhiên liệu và đòi hỏi vốn đầu tư cao hơn đáng kể.

• Sản lượng cá dùng làm thực phẩm của hai ngành khá tương đồng.

 

Body Paragraph 1

Trật tự sắp xếp: Employment → Fish production.

Topic sentence: The two fishing industries differ substantially in terms of employment and fish production.

Detail 1: Large-scale fishing employs around 500,000 workers, whereas the small-scale sector provides jobs for approximately 12 million people, or about 24 times as many.

Detail 2: Industrial ships catch 29 million tonnes of fish for food each year, compared with 24 million tonnes for local boats. In addition, the large-scale sector produces another 22 million tonnes for industrial processing, while the small-scale industry contributes almost nothing in this category.

 

Body Paragraph 2

Trật tự sắp xếp: Capital cost → Fuel consumption.

Topic sentence: Large-scale fishing is also much more capital- and fuel-intensive than its small-scale counterpart.

Detail 1: The capital cost per job ranges from $30,000 to $300,000 in the large-scale industry, compared with only $250 to $2,500 for small-scale fishing.

Detail 2: Likewise, industrial vessels consume between 14 and 19 million tonnes of fuel oil annually, whereas local boats require only 1.5 to 1.8 million tonnes.

 

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3. Bài mẫu hoàn chỉnh

The table compares the world’s large-scale and small-scale marine fishing industries in terms of employment, fish production, capital investment and fuel consumption.

Overall, small-scale fishing provides significantly more employment while requiring considerably lower investment and fuel consumption. By contrast, large-scale fishing produces slightly more fish for food and is virtually the only sector supplying fish for industrial processing.

The two fishing industries differ substantially in terms of employment and fish production. Large-scale fishing employs around 500,000 workers, whereas the small-scale sector provides jobs for approximately 12 million people, which is about 24 times higher. In terms of food production, industrial ships catch 29 million tonnes of fish annually, compared with 24 million tonnes for local boats. Furthermore, the large-scale industry produces an additional 22 million tonnes for industrial processing, while the small-scale sector contributes almost nothing.

Large-scale fishing is also far more capital- and fuel-intensive. The capital cost per job ranges from $30,000 to $300,000, whereas only $250 to $2,500 is required in the small-scale industry. Similarly, annual fuel oil consumption reaches between 14 and 19 million tonnes for industrial vessels, compared with just 1.5 to 1.8 million tonnes for local fishing boats.

(Word count: 181)

 

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4. Lexical Resources List

 

New Vocabulary

1. large-scale fishing (noun phrase): ngành đánh bắt quy mô lớn

E.g. Large-scale fishing requires substantial investment.

2. small-scale fishing (noun phrase): ngành đánh bắt quy mô nhỏ

E.g. Small-scale fishing provides employment for millions of people.

3. industrial processing (noun phrase): chế biến công nghiệp

E.g. Most fish for industrial processing comes from industrial ships.

4. capital cost per job (noun phrase): chi phí đầu tư cho mỗi việc làm

E.g. The capital cost per job is considerably higher in large-scale fishing.

5. fuel consumption (noun phrase): mức tiêu thụ nhiên liệu

E.g. Fuel consumption varies greatly between the two sectors.

6. industrial vessel (noun phrase): tàu đánh bắt công nghiệp

E.g. Industrial vessels consume large amounts of fuel.

7. local boat (noun phrase): thuyền đánh bắt địa phương

E.g. Local boats use much less fuel than industrial ships.

8. provide employment (verb phrase): tạo việc làm

E.g. The industry provides employment for millions of workers.

9. contribute to (verb phrase): đóng góp vào

E.g. Small-scale fishing contributes little to industrial processing.

10. require substantial investment (verb phrase): cần nguồn vốn đầu tư lớn

E.g. Industrial fishing requires substantial investment.

11. consume fuel (verb phrase): tiêu thụ nhiên liệu

E.g. Large vessels consume significantly more fuel.

12. in comparison with (prepositional phrase): so với

E.g. Fuel consumption is much higher in comparison with the small-scale sector.

Sentence Structures

 

1. The table compares + two sectors + in terms of + several categories. (Dùng để mở bài cho dạng Table.)

E.g. The table compares the two fishing industries in terms of employment and production.

2. Overall, + sector + performs better in + aspect +, whereas + sector + is superior in + aspect. (Dùng để viết Overview.)

E.g. Overall, small-scale fishing performs better in employment, whereas large-scale fishing is superior in industrial production.

3. In terms of + category +, + figure A +, compared with + figure B. (Dùng để so sánh số liệu.)

E.g. In terms of food production, industrial ships catch 29 million tonnes, compared with 24 million tonnes for local boats.

4. In addition, + sector + produces/provides + figure +, while + sector + contributes almost nothing. (Dùng để bổ sung sự khác biệt.)

E.g. In addition, the large-scale sector produces 22 million tonnes for industrial processing, while the small-scale industry contributes almost nothing.

5. The figure for + category + ranges from + A + to + B +, whereas the corresponding figure for + comparison + is only + C + to + D. (Dùng để so sánh khoảng số liệu.)

E.g. The capital cost per job ranges from $30,000 to $300,000, whereas the corresponding figure for small-scale fishing is only $250 to $2,500.

6. Likewise, + sector + consumes considerably more + resource + than + comparison +. (Dùng để mô tả mức tiêu thụ.)

E.g. Likewise, industrial vessels consume considerably more fuel oil than local fishing boats.

 

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